35+ Costly Medical Bankruptcy Statistics

🚀 What’s This Blog About?

Medical bankruptcy occurs when healthcare expenses contribute to financial hardship severe enough that an individual or household files for bankruptcy. Rising healthcare costs, insurance premiums, deductibles, and out-of-pocket expenses can make medical bills difficult to manage. These financial pressures may also cause patients to delay treatment, accumulate additional debt, or struggle to meet basic household expenses.

Key Takeaways

✅ Rising healthcare costs, insurance premiums, and out-of-pocket expenses can make medical bills difficult for households to afford.
✅ Medical debt can lead to collection activity, additional borrowing, and financial hardship.
✅ Medical expenses have historically contributed to personal bankruptcy, affecting people across different income and employment groups.
✅ Financial concerns can cause patients to delay or skip healthcare services, potentially affecting their health.
✅ Payment plans, financial assistance, and greater price transparency can help patients manage medical expenses.

Who Should Read This?

Healthcare providers, medical billing professionals, revenue cycle teams, and anyone interested in the financial impact of healthcare can use these statistics to better understand the challenges patients face when managing medical expenses and outstanding balances.

Do you cringe when you hear the word debt? If I had to guess, hearing that word would make you imagine all of the bills that you have to pay off. Maybe this causes anxiety for you.

If so, you aren’t alone. 72% of people stress about money at some point each month. This has to do with the fact that 77% of all American households have debt, leading to around $15 trillion of debt in the United States alone.

What kinds of debts lead to that large of an amount? When answering that question, your mind might go to credit card payments, student loans, or your mortgage. These of course contribute to that total, with home mortgages being the most common.

But what falls into this “other” category shown on this chart? Another debt that many people owe is medical bills.

While it doesn’t makeup enough of the total US debt to end up as its own section on this graph, medical debt is a problem for a majority of Americans. Eventually, when these bills become too overwhelming, patients file for bankruptcy. Even worse, this financial problem may even lead to people skipping healthcare treatment.

So just how bad is this issue? Here are over 35 medical bankruptcy statistics that demonstrate this problem in healthcare.

The Cost of Healthcare

It’s becoming more difficult to manage bills because of the rise in healthcare costs. People were already struggling to afford their care. But now, they need to make even larger payments. So just how expensive are these costs to lead to something as severe as bankruptcy?

The average cost of family premiums increased 54% and workers’ contribution increased 71% since 2009. Yet, wages have only increased 26% over the same period. (Kaiser Family Foundation)
Out-of-pocket medical costs contributed to 26% of personal bankruptcies for low-income households in 2011. (Northwestern University)
High-deductible health plans can have out-of-pocket costs up to $7,050 for a single person and $14,100 for a family. (The Balance)
Half of the people with high deductible plans can’t afford a bill equal to their deductible without going into debt. (Policygenius)

More than one-quarter of Americans struggle to afford their medical bills. (Kaiser Family Foundation)
Estimates show that national healthcare spending will grow at an average rate of 5.4% from 2019 to 2028, reaching $6.2 trillion by 2028. (Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services)
The average hospital cost is $2,607 per day in the US. The average overnight stay jumps to $11,700. (Debt.org)
As of 2020, the national health expenditure grew 9.7%, reaching $4.1 trillion. This translates to over $12,000 per person. (Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services)
Drug prices increased an average of 4.2% in 2021 for more than 900 brand-name drugs. This set a new record for increases. (The Commonwealth Fund)

Frequency of Debt

Because of these high costs of healthcare, people struggle to pay their bills. This, on top of the other common debts that they already have, leads to frequent rates of medical debt.

But delaying payment because they can’t afford their bills leads to more problems. Eventually, their bills get sent to collections which negatively impacts their credit.

Debt collectors hold $140 billion of medical debt. A previous estimate was much more narrow at $81 billion. (Stanford Institute for Economic Policy Research)
In 2021, 50% of Americans had medical debt. This was up from 46% in 2020. (Debt.com)

In June 2020 alone, 17.8% (nearly one in five Americans) had medical debt in collections. (JAMA Network)
- The mean amount was $429.
The average of this debt was highest in the South at $616, compared to the lowest in the Northeast at $167. (JAMA Network)
- It was also higher for poor zip code income areas at $677, versus $126 in rich zip code income areas.
In states that immediately expanded Medicaid, the average medical debt decreased by 44% from 2013 to 2020. (JAMA Network)

How Common is Medical Bankruptcy?

This problem isn’t new. Even with increases in healthcare costs and challenges of insurance coverage, this issue has been around for decades. It’s not uncommon for people to think that the COVID-19 pandemic caused a rise in medical debt. However, the increase wasn’t as significant as some would think because it was already such a huge problem. Instead, there’s now more attention on the issue of medical bankruptcy.

And the problem has always affected more than just the lower class. According to the American Journal of Medicine, most medical debtors in 2007 had middle-class occupations, were well-educated, and owned homes. These people even had to resort to mortgaging a home to pay their health bills.

A 2001 study in 5 states determined that 46.2% of bankruptcies were healthcare-related. (Am. J. Med.)
In 2007, 62.1% of all bankruptcies were medical. (Am. J. Med.)
92% of these people had medical debts over $5,000 (10% of pretax family income). (Am. J. Med.)
The share of bankruptcies attributed to medical problems increased by 49.6% from 2001 to 2007. (Am. J. Med.)
A survey of working adults found that 54% of people with medical debt had defaulted on their bills. (CNBC)
- 28% owe over $10,000.

Around 50% of people with medical debts had no other serious past delinquencies listed on their credit reports. (Consumer Financial Protection Bureau)

In a given year, 19% said that a collection agency had contacted someone in their household. (Kaiser Family Foundation)
9% declared personal bankruptcy due to medical bills at some point. (Kaiser Family Foundation)

Effects of Debt and Bankruptcy

Financial hardships that come from medical bills lead to anxieties and postponing treatment. People may fear taking on new debts, or they can’t keep up with the current ones that they already have.

But it isn’t safe for people to sacrifice their health because of the cost, and financial anxieties don’t help. Because of this, organizations are intervening to alleviate the burden. Some nonprofits will pay these bills on behalf of the debtor.

Providers also want to get their money, which isn’t possible if their patients default on their payments. As a solution, more providers are setting up payment plan options for their clients so that they can pay over time and not turn to medical bankruptcy.

37% of survey respondents said that they are very or somewhat concerned that they wouldn’t be able to pay for healthcare in the coming year. (AccessOne)
- 53% of these respondents are families with children.
- 53% are Millennials and 46% are Gen Xers.

Of around 25% of Americans ages 18 to 64 who reported having problems paying medical bills, 44% said that these bills had a major impact on their families. (Kaiser Family Foundation)

Medical expenses adversely impact over two million people. (The Balance)
People go into more debt trying to pay off their current health bills. 34% increase their credit card debt when trying to pay off this medical debt. (Kaiser Family Foundation)
One in three Americans delays receiving care because of the cost. (Kaiser Family Foundation)
Within a year, 51% of adults with employer health coverage said that they or someone in their household either skipped or delayed medical services due to cost. (Kaiser Family Foundation)
35% of people, whether insured or uninsured, struggled to afford necessities like food, heat, or housing due to problems with medical bills. (Kaiser Family Foundation)

RIP Medical Debt is a nonprofit that buys consumer debt from healthcare providers using donated funds. The nonprofit received a gift of $2 million from Nomi Health. RIP Medical Debt used this to relieve $225 million in healthcare debt for 176,000 people. (Forbes)

17% of people who can’t afford their deductibles set up a payment plan with their provider. (Policygenius)

Conclusion

When considering why so many people are in debt, it’s common that people will think of costs such as houses, credit cards, or student loan payments. After all, these make up a majority of debts in the US.

However, healthcare is another contributing factor for many people. For half of those who owed on medical bills, they had no other serious debts. Sure, that might be a good sign that they don’t have other payments they owe on.

But their health bills are still difficult to keep up with. As healthcare and insurance costs increase, people struggle even more. When they can’t manage these payments, their accounts end up getting sent to collections. That certainly doesn’t help their financial situation.

Since this isn’t a new problem, many people have already faced this medical debt at some point. The financial challenge causes anxiety for so many people which just makes them delay or cancel care entirely.

As a solution, some organizations ease the burden by paying patients’ medical bills. The healthcare industry itself is also trying to help by allowing payment plans and focusing more on price transparency. If patients know their options upfront, they’ll be able to shop around for services that they can better afford. And when they can pay over time, they’ll better manage the costs so they can reduce what they owe without turning to bankruptcy.

❓ Frequently Asked Questions About Medical Bankruptcy

1. What is medical bankruptcy?

Medical bankruptcy refers to a personal bankruptcy filing in which healthcare expenses or medical debt contribute to an individual's financial hardship. Medical bills may become difficult to manage when patients face high deductibles, insurance costs, ongoing treatment expenses, or unexpected healthcare needs.

2. How does medical debt lead to bankruptcy?

Medical debt can contribute to bankruptcy when patients cannot afford their healthcare bills while also managing other household expenses. Some people use credit cards, loans, or other forms of borrowing to pay medical bills, which can increase their overall debt and make it harder to keep up with payments.

3. What types of healthcare expenses contribute to medical debt?

Medical debt can result from hospital stays, surgeries, prescription medications, specialist visits, emergency care, insurance deductibles, and other out-of-pocket healthcare expenses. Even people with health insurance may face significant costs that their plans do not cover.

4. Can medical debt affect someone's credit?

Medical debt that remains unpaid may be sent to collections and can affect a person's credit history. However, credit reporting rules for medical debt have changed over time, and not every unpaid medical bill appears on a credit report.

5. Why do people delay medical treatment because of cost?

Patients may delay or skip medical treatment because they are concerned about taking on additional debt or cannot afford out-of-pocket expenses. These financial concerns can affect access to preventive care, prescriptions, follow-up appointments, and other necessary services.

6. How can healthcare providers help patients manage medical bills?

Healthcare providers can offer payment plans, explain financial assistance options, provide clear billing information, and communicate expected costs when possible. These approaches can help patients better understand their financial responsibilities and manage outstanding balances.

7. Does having health insurance prevent medical debt?

No. Health insurance can reduce the amount patients pay for covered services, but it does not eliminate all healthcare expenses. Deductibles, copayments, coinsurance, uncovered services, and out-of-network care can still create substantial medical bills.

8. What can healthcare organizations do to reduce unpaid patient balances?

Healthcare organizations can make billing information easier to understand, communicate patient responsibilities early, offer convenient payment options, and provide flexible payment arrangements. Clear financial communication can help patients plan for expenses and make it easier to resolve outstanding balances.

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